本文提出了一种深度学习方法,用于在历史文档的数字收集中进行图像检索和图案斑点。首先,区域建议算法检测文档页面图像中的对象候选。接下来,考虑了两个不同的变体,这些模型用于特征提取,这些变体提供了实用值或二进制代码表示。最后,通过计算给定输入查询的特征相似性来对候选图像进行排名。一项强大的实验协议评估了DOCEXPLORE图像数据库上的每个表示方案(实用值和二进制代码)的建议方法。实验结果表明,所提出的深层模型与历史文档图像的最新图像检索方法相比,使用相同的技术用于模式斑点,优于2.56个百分点。此外,与基于实价表示的相关作品相比,提议的方法还将搜索时间缩短了200倍,并且存储的成本高达6,000倍。
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骨肉瘤是最常见的原发性骨癌,其标准治疗包括术前化疗,然后切除。化学疗法反应用于预测患者的预后和进一步治疗。坏死在切除标本上的组织学幻灯片通常评估了坏死比定义为坏死肿瘤与总体肿瘤之比。已知坏死比> = 90%的患者的预后更好。多个载玻片对坏死比的手动微观综述是半定量性的,并且可能具有观察者间和观察者间的变异性。我们提出了一种基于目标和可再现的深度学习方法,以估计坏死比,并从扫描的苏木精和曙红全幻灯片图像预测结果。我们以3134个WSI的速度收集了103例骨肉瘤病例,以训练我们的深度学习模型,验证坏死比评估并评估结果预测。我们训练了深层多磁化网络,以分割多个组织亚型,包括生存的肿瘤和像素级中的坏死肿瘤,并计算来自多个WSI的病例级坏死比。我们显示了通过分割模型估算的坏死比,高度与由专家手动评估的病理报告中的坏死比高度相关,其中IV级的平均绝对差异(100%),III(> = 90%)和II(> = 50%和<50%和< 90%)坏死反应分别为4.4%,4.5%和17.8%。我们成功地对患者进行了分层,以预测P = 10^-6的总生存率,而P = 0.012的无进展生存率。我们没有可变性的可重现方法使我们能够调整截止阈值,特别是用于模型和数据集的截止阈值,为OS的80%,PFS为60%。我们的研究表明,深度学习可以支持病理学家作为一种客观的工具,可以分析组织学中骨肉瘤,以评估治疗反应并预测患者结果。
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最近,由于许多用例的性能要求严格的性能要求,基于意图的管理正在受到电信网络的良好关注。文献上的几种方法采用电信域中的传统方法来满足KPI的意图,可以将其定义为封闭环。但是,这些方法考虑了每个闭环相互独立的环路,从而降低了组合的闭环性能。同样,当需要许多闭环时,这些方法不容易扩展。在许多领域,多机构增强学习(MARL)技术在许多领域都表现出了巨大的希望,在许多领域中,传统的闭环控制效果不足,通常用于循环之间的复杂协调和冲突管理。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种基于MARL的方法,以实现基于意图的管理,而无需基础系统模型。此外,当存在相互矛盾的意图时,MARL代理可以通过优先考虑重要的KPI来暗中激励循环,而无需人工互动。已经在网络模拟器上进行了实验,以优化三种服务的KPI,我们观察到拟议的系统的性能良好,并且在资源不足或资源稀缺时能够实现所有现有的意图。
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机器学习(ML)通常被视为一种黑盒回归技术,无法提供相当大的科学见解。 ML模型是通用函数近似器,如果正确使用,则可以提供与用于拟合的地面数据集有关的科学信息。 ML比参数模型的好处是,没有预定义的基础函数限制可以建模的现象。在这项工作中,我们在三个数据集上开发了ML模型:太空环境技术(SET)高精度卫星阻力模型(HASDM)密度数据库,这是Jacchia-Bowman 2008经验热层密度模型(JB2008),Jacchia-Bowman 2008经验的空间端段匹配数据集,以及具有挑战性的Minisatellite有效载荷(Champ)的加速度计衍生的密度数据集。将这些ML模型与海军研究实验室质谱仪和不相互分的散射雷达(NRLMSIS 2.0)模型进行比较,以研究中热层中传感后冷却的存在。我们发现NRLMSIS 2.0和JB2008-ML都不能说明后冷却,因此在强烈的地磁风暴(例如2003年万圣节风暴)之后的时期内表现不佳。相反,HASDM-ML和Champ-ML确实显示了传感后冷却的证据,表明这种现象存在于原始数据集中。结果表明,根据位置和暴风雨强度,速度1-3天的密度降低可能会发生1--3天。
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概念漂移过程挖掘(PM)是一种挑战,因为古典方法假设进程处于稳态,即事件共享相同的进程版本。我们对这些领域的交叉点进行了系统的文献综述,从而审查了过程采矿中的概念漂移,并提出了用于漂移检测和在线流程挖掘的现有技术的分类,以实现不断发展的环境。现有的作品描绘了(i)PM仍然主要关注离线分析,并且(ii)由于缺乏公共评估协议,数据集和指标,过程中的概念漂移技术的评估是麻烦的。
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药物重新利用可以加速鉴定有效化合物用于针对SARS-COV-2的临床使用,并具有先前存在的临床安全数据和已建立的供应链的优势。 RNA病毒(例如SARS-COV-2)操纵细胞途径并诱导亚细胞结构的重组以支持其生命周期。可以使用生物成像技术来量化这些形态学的变化。在这项工作中,我们开发了DEEMD:使用深层神经网络模型在多个实例学习框架内的计算管道,以基于对公开可用RXRX19A数据集的形态分析来确定针对SARS-COV-2有效的推定治疗方法。该数据集由SARS-COV-2未感染的细胞和受感染细胞的荧光显微镜图像组成,有或没有药物治疗。 Deemd首先提取歧视性形态学特征,以产生来自未感染和感染细胞的细胞形态特征。然后在统计模型中使用这些形态学特征,以根据与未感染细胞的相似性估算受感染细胞的应用治疗疗效。 DEEMD能够通过弱监督定位受感染的细胞,而无需任何昂贵的像素级注释。 DEEMD确定已知的SARS-COV-2抑制剂,例如Remdesivir和Aloxistatin,支持我们方法的有效性。可以在其他新兴病毒和数据集上探索DEEMD,以便将来快速识别候选抗病毒药治疗}。我们的实施可在线网络https://www.github.com/sadegh-saberian/deemd
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Accurate determination of a small molecule candidate (ligand) binding pose in its target protein pocket is important for computer-aided drug discovery. Typical rigid-body docking methods ignore the pocket flexibility of protein, while the more accurate pose generation using molecular dynamics is hindered by slow protein dynamics. We develop a tiered tensor transform (3T) algorithm to rapidly generate diverse protein-ligand complex conformations for both pose and affinity estimation in drug screening, requiring neither machine learning training nor lengthy dynamics computation, while maintaining both coarse-grain-like coordinated protein dynamics and atomistic-level details of the complex pocket. The 3T conformation structures we generate are closer to experimental co-crystal structures than those generated by docking software, and more importantly achieve significantly higher accuracy in active ligand classification than traditional ensemble docking using hundreds of experimental protein conformations. 3T structure transformation is decoupled from the system physics, making future usage in other computational scientific domains possible.
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Variational autoencoders model high-dimensional data by positing low-dimensional latent variables that are mapped through a flexible distribution parametrized by a neural network. Unfortunately, variational autoencoders often suffer from posterior collapse: the posterior of the latent variables is equal to its prior, rendering the variational autoencoder useless as a means to produce meaningful representations. Existing approaches to posterior collapse often attribute it to the use of neural networks or optimization issues due to variational approximation. In this paper, we consider posterior collapse as a problem of latent variable non-identifiability. We prove that the posterior collapses if and only if the latent variables are non-identifiable in the generative model. This fact implies that posterior collapse is not a phenomenon specific to the use of flexible distributions or approximate inference. Rather, it can occur in classical probabilistic models even with exact inference, which we also demonstrate. Based on these results, we propose a class of latent-identifiable variational autoencoders, deep generative models which enforce identifiability without sacrificing flexibility. This model class resolves the problem of latent variable non-identifiability by leveraging bijective Brenier maps and parameterizing them with input convex neural networks, without special variational inference objectives or optimization tricks. Across synthetic and real datasets, latent-identifiable variational autoencoders outperform existing methods in mitigating posterior collapse and providing meaningful representations of the data.
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Differentiable Architecture Search (DARTS) has attracted considerable attention as a gradient-based Neural Architecture Search (NAS) method. Since the introduction of DARTS, there has been little work done on adapting the action space based on state-of-art architecture design principles for CNNs. In this work, we aim to address this gap by incrementally augmenting the DARTS search space with micro-design changes inspired by ConvNeXt and studying the trade-off between accuracy, evaluation layer count, and computational cost. To this end, we introduce the Pseudo-Inverted Bottleneck conv block intending to reduce the computational footprint of the inverted bottleneck block proposed in ConvNeXt. Our proposed architecture is much less sensitive to evaluation layer count and outperforms a DARTS network with similar size significantly, at layer counts as small as 2. Furthermore, with less layers, not only does it achieve higher accuracy with lower GMACs and parameter count, GradCAM comparisons show that our network is able to better detect distinctive features of target objects compared to DARTS.
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Deep learning techniques with neural networks have been used effectively in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to obtain solutions to nonlinear differential equations. This paper presents a physics-informed neural network (PINN) approach to solve the Blasius function. This method eliminates the process of changing the non-linear differential equation to an initial value problem. Also, it tackles the convergence issue arising in the conventional series solution. It is seen that this method produces results that are at par with the numerical and conventional methods. The solution is extended to the negative axis to show that PINNs capture the singularity of the function at $\eta=-5.69$
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